Type	Disease
Immune-mediated	Recurrent   Multiple sclerosis Monophasic   Optic neuritis   Transverse myelitis   Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Inherited	Adrenoleukodystrophy Metachromatic leukodystrophy
Metabolic	Vitamin B12 deficiency Central pontine myelinolysis
Infectious	Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Deficits	At Onset (%)	5 to 10 Years after Onset (%)
Cognitive deficits Visual deficits Diplopia Weakness Ataxia Sensory deficits Bowel or bladder   symptoms	< 5 20-30 10-20 40 5-20 40 5-10	30 50 35 80 65 80 55

Type	Criteria
Clinically definite MS	Two attacks and clinical evidence of two   separate lesions                                     or Two attacks, clinical evidence of one lesion,   paraclinical evidence of a second lesion
Laboratory-supported   definite MS	Oligoclonal bands or increased IgG synthesis   in the CSF                                     and Two attacks and clinical or paraclinical   evidence of one lesion                                     or One attack and clinical evidence of two lesions                                     or One attack, clinical evidence of one lesion,   paraclinical evidence of a second lesion
Clinically probable MS	Two attacks and clinical evidence of one lesion                                     or One attack and clinical evidence of two lesions                                     or One attack, clinical evidence of one lesion,   paraclinical evidence of a second lesion

*In this table, the term clinical evidence denotes the presence of signs on neurologic examination. Signs documented in the past by a competent examiner fulfill the criteria, even if they have resolved. Paraclinical evidence is the demonstration of lesions that do not cause clinical signs by laboratory testing (e.g., neuroimaging or evoked responses).

Indication	Drug	Dosage
Fatigue	Amantadine hydrocloride Pemoline Methylphenidate hydrochloride Modafinil	100 mg b.i.d. or t.i.d. 37.5 to 112.5 mg q.d. 10 mg b.i.d. to 20 mg t.i.d. 100 mg b.i.d.
Bladder   Urgency   Dyssynergia   Retention	Oxybutynin chloride Tolterodine tartrate Imipramine hydrochloride Hyoscyamine sulfate Propantheline bromide Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride Clonidine Terazosin hydrochloride Intermittent catheterization Bethanechol chloride	5 mg b.i.d. to q.i.d. 2 mg b.i.d. 25 to 75 mg q.h.s. 0.125 mg b.i.d. to 0.25 mg q.i.d. 7.5 mg t.i.d. to 15 mg q.i.d. 10mg b.i.d. to 20 mg t.i.d. 0.1 mg b.i.d. to 0.2 mg t.i.d. 1 to 5 mg q.d. Four or more times daily 10 mg t.i.d. to 50 mg q.i.d.
Spasticity Ataxia	Baclofen Diazepam Tizanidine hydrochloride Clonazepam Clonidine (adjunctive to baclofen) Dantrolene sodium Clonazepam Gabapentin	5 mg t.i.d. to 20 mg q.i.d. 2 mg t.i.d. to 10 mg q.i.d. 4 mg q.d. to 12 mg q.i.d. 0.5 mg t.i.d. to 5 mg q.i.d. 0.1. mg b.i.d. to 0.2 mg t.i.d. 25 mg q.d. to 100 mg q.i.d. 0.5 mg t.i.d. to 5 mg q.i.d. 100 to 600 mg t.i.d.
Pain   Paroxysmal   Dysesthetic	Carbamazepine Phenytoin Misoprostol (trigeminal neuralgia) Amitriptyline hydrochloride Phenytoin Gabapentin Valproic acid	100 to 300 mg t.i.d. 300 to 400 mg q.d. 100 to 200 µg q.i.d. 50 to 150 mg q.h.s. 300 to 400 mg q.d. 100 to 600 mg t.i.d. 250 to 1,000 mg t.i.d.

*Usual adult dose for medications commonly used to treat MS syndromes. See appropriate reference for complete prescribing information, including contraindications, warnings, side effects, and initiation and termination of treatment.